Everything about French Legislative Election 1993 totally explained
French legislative elections took place on March 21 and 28, 1993 to elect the 10th
National Assembly of the
Fifth Republic.
Since 1988, President
François Mitterrand and his Socialist cabinets had relied on a relative parliamentary majority. Without the support of the Communists, Prime minister
Michel Rocard tried to widen the "Presidential Majority" towards the center-right. He named four
UDF politicians as members of his government. But they didn't succeed in convincing their party and left the cabinet in 1991 with Michel Rocard.
Furthemore, the
Socialist Party (PS) was weakened by scandals (illicit financing, contaminated blood...) and a very intense rivalry which pitted François Mitterrand's heirs (
Lionel Jospin and
Laurent Fabius) against each other. In March 1992, the Socialists were punished at the local elections. Prime Minister
Edith Cresson was replaced by
Pierre Bérégovoy. The latter promised to struggle against economic recession and corruption, but he was himself suspected to have received a loan from a controversial businessman, Roger-Patrice Pelat.
In the first round, the left and notably the PS obtained their worst electoral result since the 1960s. Of the 260 incumbent Socialist deputies, only 53 were re-elected. This result caused a crisis in the PS. Fabius lost his position as First Secretary in favour of Rocard, who claimed that a political "big bang" was needed. Defeated in his
Haute-Garonne constituency, Jospin announced his political retirement.
Some traditional PS voters had voted for
the Greens in the first round. These ecologists obtained a total of 10.84%, making this the best total score for French Green parties in legislative elections. However, only two ecologists qualified for the runoff, including
Dominique Voynet in her constituency in the
Doubs département. Both of these candidates were eventually defeated. Lack of major political allies for these ecologists explained this failure to take any seats.
The
RPR/
UDF coalition formed the largest parliamentary majority since 1958, taking a total of 485 seats or 84% of the 577 seats. The RPR leader
Jacques Chirac demanded President Mitterrand's resignation and refused to be Prime Minister in a new "cohabitation" government. Finally, he suggested the nomination of his former RPR
Finance Minister Edouard Balladur at the head of the government. Balladur promised publicly that he wouldn't run against Chirac for the next presidential election. The second "cohabitation" finished with the
1995 presidential election.
Depressed by this historical defeat and by accusations about the loan of Pelat,
Pierre Bérégovoy committed suicide on May 1st.
Results
10th Assembly by Parliamentary Group
| Group |
Members |
Caucusing |
Total |
| |
RPR Group |
245 |
12 |
257 |
| |
UDF Group |
213 |
2 |
215 |
| |
Socialist Group |
52 |
5 |
57 |
| |
Republic and Liberty Group |
23 |
0 |
23 |
| |
Communist Group |
22 |
1 |
23 |
| |
Non-Inscrits |
2 |
0 |
2 |
|
Total: |
557 |
20 |
577 |
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